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Latent Defect Liability Explained
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In South Africa, the voetstoots clause does not protect a seller if they were aware of a latent defect but did not disclose it to the buyer. In this case, Harry was aware of the roof trusses in the chimney, making him liable for the losses suffered by William.Full Conversation
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The correct answer is option d. In South Africa, the "voetstoots" clause doesn't protect the seller if they were aware of the latent defect but deliberately chose not to disclose it to the buyer. In this case, Harry was aware of the roof trusses in the chimney, making him liable for the losses suffered by William.
Die korrekte antwoord is opsie d. In Suid-Afrika beskerm die "voetstoots"-klousule nie die verkoper as hulle bewus was van die latente defek maar bewustelik gekies het om dit nie aan die koper bekend te maak nie. In hierdie geval was Harry bewus van die dakbalke in die skoorsteen, wat hom aanspreeklik maak vir die verliese wat William gely het.
Die korrekte antwoord is opsie d. In Suid-Afrika beskerm die "voetstoots"-klousule nie die verkoper as hulle bewus was van die latente defek maar bewustelik gekies het om dit nie aan die koper bekend te maak nie. In hierdie geval was Harry bewus van die dakbalke in die skoorsteen, wat hom aanspreeklik maak vir die verliese wat William gely het.
True or False:
In terms of the rule on the passing of risk, the buyer bears the risk for destruction of the merx as long as the price is still undetermined or undeterminable.
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Waar of Onwaar:
In terme van die risiko-reël, dra die koper die risiko vir vernietiging van die merx solank as wat die koopprys nog onbepaald of onbepaalbaar is.
Question 2Answer
a.
False / Onwaar
b.
True / Waar
Answer: a. False / Onwaar
According to South African law, the rule on the passing of risk is that the buyer bears the risk of destruction as soon as the goods are in his possession, not when the price is undetermined.
Volgens Suid-Afrikaanse wet is die reël oor die oordrag van risiko dat die koper die risiko van vernietiging dra sodra die goedere in sy besit is, nie wanneer die prys onbepaald is nie.
According to South African law, the rule on the passing of risk is that the buyer bears the risk of destruction as soon as the goods are in his possession, not when the price is undetermined.
Volgens Suid-Afrikaanse wet is die reël oor die oordrag van risiko dat die koper die risiko van vernietiging dra sodra die goedere in sy besit is, nie wanneer die prys onbepaald is nie.
Choose the correct option:
Which of the following is not a requirement for a contract of sale to be perfecta?
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Kies die korrekte opsie:
Watter van die volgende is nie 'n vereiste vir 'n koopkontrak om perfecta te wees nie?
Question 3Answer
a.
The subject-matter of the sale must be determined. / Die onderwerp van die koop moet bepaald wees.
b.
The purchase price must be determined. / Die koopprys moet bepaald wees.
c.
The contract must be unconditional. / Die kontrak moet onvoorwaardelik wees.
d.
The purchase price must be paid. / Die koopprys moet alreeds betaal wees.
Answer: d. The purchase price must be paid. / Die koopprys moet alreeds betaal wees.
A contract of sale becomes "perfecta" when the parties have agreed on the item and the price, it doesn't require the payment of the purchase price.
'n Koopkontrak word "perfecta" wanneer die partye ooreenstem oor die item en die prys, dit vereis nie die betaling van die koopprys nie.
A contract of sale becomes "perfecta" when the parties have agreed on the item and the price, it doesn't require the payment of the purchase price.
'n Koopkontrak word "perfecta" wanneer die partye ooreenstem oor die item en die prys, dit vereis nie die betaling van die koopprys nie.
Josephine imports furniture from Spain and stores the furniture in a warehouse at the harbour until she is able to sell the furniture and have it delivered to clients. Josephine advertises and sells her available stock on her website. Harry is a property developer who has seen the available furniture on the website. Harry contacts Josephine and they agree that Harry will buy all of the furniture Josephine currently has in stock for his new development, and that Harry will arrange for collection from the warehouse. Josephine issues a sales invoice and delivery note to Harry, that Harry will be able to present to the warehouse manager when he collects the furniture from the warehouse. This is delivery in the form of _____________:
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Kies die korrekte opsie:
Josephine voer meubels in uit Spanje en stoor die meubels in ‘n pakhuis by die hawe totdat sy die meubels verkoop en aan klante laat aflewer. Josephine adverteer en verkoop haar beskikbare voorraad op haar webwerf. Harry is ‘n eiendomsontwikkelaar wat gesien het watter meubels beskikbaar is op Josephine se webwerf. Harry kontak Josephine en hulle kom ooreen dat Harry al die meubels wat Josephine in voorraad het sal koop vir sy nuwe ontwikkeling en dat Harry sal reël om die meubels by die pakhuis af te haal. Josephine reik ‘n verkoopsfaktuur en afleweringsnota aan Harry uit wat Harry aan die pakhuisbestuurder kan aanbied wanneer hy die meubels by die pakhuis gaan oplaai. Hierdie is lewering in die vorm van ______________:
Question 4Answer
a.
delivery with the long hand / lewering met die lang hand.
b.
symbolic delivery / simboliese lewering.
c.
constitutum possessorium / constitutum possessorium.
d.
delivery with the short hand / lewering met die kort hand.
e.
actual delivery / werklike lewering.
Answer: b. symbolic delivery / simboliese lewering.
In this case, the delivery is symbolic because Josephine gave Harry a sales invoice and delivery note which he can present to the warehouse manager to collect the furniture. Actual physical delivery of the goods was not made by Josephine.
In hierdie geval is die aflewering simbolies omdat Josephine 'n verkoopsfaktuur en afleweringsnota aan Harry gegee het wat hy aan die pakhuisbestuurder kan voorlê om die meubels te versamel. Werklike fisiese aflewering van die goedere is nie deur Josephine gemaak nie.
In this case, the delivery is symbolic because Josephine gave Harry a sales invoice and delivery note which he can present to the warehouse manager to collect the furniture. Actual physical delivery of the goods was not made by Josephine.
In hierdie geval is die aflewering simbolies omdat Josephine 'n verkoopsfaktuur en afleweringsnota aan Harry gegee het wat hy aan die pakhuisbestuurder kan voorlê om die meubels te versamel. Werklike fisiese aflewering van die goedere is nie deur Josephine gemaak nie.
True or False:
A credit provider may immediately terminate a credit agreement without giving notice to the consumer, if the consumer fails to pay his or her account in time.
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Waar of Onwaar:
‘n Kredietverskaffer mag onmiddellik ‘n kredietooreenkoms beëindig sonder om kennis te gee aan die verbruiker, as die verbruiker versuim om sy of haar rekening betyds te betaal.
Question 5Answer
a.
True / Waar
b.
False / Onwaar
Answer: b. False / Onwaar
Under the National Credit Act in South Africa, a credit provider cannot immediately terminate a credit agreement without giving notice to the consumer if the consumer fails to pay on time. The credit provider must first send a written notice to the consumer.
Volgens die Nasionale Kredietwet in Suid-Afrika kan 'n kredietverskaffer nie onmiddellik 'n kredietooreenkoms beëindig sonder om kennis te gee aan die verbruiker as die verbruiker nie betyds betaal nie. Die kredietverskaffer moet eers 'n geskrewe kennisgewing aan die verbruiker stuur.
Under the National Credit Act in South Africa, a credit provider cannot immediately terminate a credit agreement without giving notice to the consumer if the consumer fails to pay on time. The credit provider must first send a written notice to the consumer.
Volgens die Nasionale Kredietwet in Suid-Afrika kan 'n kredietverskaffer nie onmiddellik 'n kredietooreenkoms beëindig sonder om kennis te gee aan die verbruiker as die verbruiker nie betyds betaal nie. Die kredietverskaffer moet eers 'n geskrewe kennisgewing aan die verbruiker stuur.
Choose the correct option:
Hanli rents an apartment from Loyiso from * January * to * December * for R12 * per month. On * May * she hears that she needs to relocate for work purposes with effect from * June *. Because she does not want to pay any penalties for early termination of her lease agreement, Hanli concludes a sub-lease agreement with Gustav in respect of the apartment she rents from Loyiso.
Which one of the following statements is FALSE?
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Kies die korrekte opsie:
Hanli huur ‘n woonstel van Loyiso vanaf * Januarie * tot * Desember * teen R12 * ‘n maand. Op * Mei * hoor sy dat sy moet trek vir werksdoeleindes met effek vanaf * Junie *. Omdat sy nie enige boetes wil betaal weens vroeë kansellasie van haar huurooreenkoms nie, sluit sy ‘n onderverhuringsooreenkoms met Gustav ten opsigte van die woonstel wat sy (Hanli) by Loyiso huur.
Watter een van die volgende stellings is ONWAAR?
Question 6Answer
a.
Hanli will no longer have an obligation to pay the rental amount to Loyiso, as the lease contract now exists between Loyiso (as lessor) and Gustav (as sub-lessee). / Hanli sal nie meer enige verpligtinge hê om die huurbedrag aan Loyiso te betaal nie, omdat die huurkontrak nou tussen Loyiso (as verhuurder) en Gustav as (onder-huurder) bestaan.
b.
As long as the lease agreement between Hanli and Loyiso does not prohibit sub-letting, the sub-lease agreement between Hanli and Gustav will be valid. / Solank as wat die huurooreenkoms tussen Hanli en Loyiso nie onderverhuring verbied nie, sal die onderverhuringsooreenkoms tussen Hanli en Gustav geldig wees.
c.
If Gustav (as sub-lessee) falls into arrears with his rent payments, Loyiso (as lessor) will have a tacit hypothec against any personal property that Gustav has in the apartment. / As Gustav (as onder-huurder) agterstallig raak met sy huurbetalings, sal Loyiso (as verhuurder) ‘n stilswyende hipoteek hê teen enige persoonlike eiendom wat Gustav in die woonstel het.
d.
If Loyiso decides to terminate the lease agreement with Hanli, Gustav’s sub-lease agreement with Hanli will also terminate. / As Loyiso besluit om die huurooreenkoms met Hanli te beëindig, sal Gustav se onderverhuringsooreenkoms met Hanli ook beëindig word.
Answer: a. Hanli will no longer have an obligation to pay the rental amount to Loyiso, as the lease contract now exists between Loyiso (as lessor) and Gustav (as sub-lessee). / Hanli sal nie meer enige verpligtinge hê om die huurbedrag aan Loyiso te betaal nie, omdat die huurkontrak nou tussen Loyiso (as verhuurder) en Gustav as (onder-huurder) bestaan.
Despite subletting the apartment, Hanli is still responsible for paying rent to Loyiso, as the initial lease agreement is still between them. Gustav's agreement is with Hanli, not Loyiso.
Ten spyte van die feit dat sy die woonstel onderverhuur het, is Hanli steeds verantwoordelik om huur aan Loyiso te betaal, aangesien die aanvanklike huurooreenkoms steeds tussen hulle is. Gustav se ooreenkoms is met Hanli, nie met Loyiso nie.
Despite subletting the apartment, Hanli is still responsible for paying rent to Loyiso, as the initial lease agreement is still between them. Gustav's agreement is with Hanli, not Loyiso.
Ten spyte van die feit dat sy die woonstel onderverhuur het, is Hanli steeds verantwoordelik om huur aan Loyiso te betaal, aangesien die aanvanklike huurooreenkoms steeds tussen hulle is. Gustav se ooreenkoms is met Hanli, nie met Loyiso nie.
True or False:
Where a credit agreement is concluded by someone who does not have contractual capacity, the National Credit Act states that the contract will be valid and that recission cannot take place.
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Waar of Onwaar:
Waar ‘n kredietooreenkoms aangegaan is deur ‘n handelingsonbevoegde persoon bepaal die Nasionale Kredietwet dat die kontrak geldig sal wees en dat geen restitusie kan plaasvind nie.
Question 7Answer
a.
False / Onwaar
b.
True / Waar
Answer: a. False / Onwaar
Under the National Credit Act in South Africa, a credit agreement concluded by someone without contractual capacity is not valid and can be rescinded. The Act provides for such agreements to be declared unlawful and void.
Volgens die Nasionale Kredietwet in Suid-Afrika is 'n kredietooreenkoms wat deur iemand sonder kontraktuele bevoegdheid aangegaan is, nie geldig nie en kan dit opgehef word. Die Wet maak voorsiening vir sodanige ooreenkomste om onwettig en nietig verklaar te word.
Under the National Credit Act in South Africa, a credit agreement concluded by someone without contractual capacity is not valid and can be rescinded. The Act provides for such agreements to be declared unlawful and void.
Volgens die Nasionale Kredietwet in Suid-Afrika is 'n kredietooreenkoms wat deur iemand sonder kontraktuele bevoegdheid aangegaan is, nie geldig nie en kan dit opgehef word. Die Wet maak voorsiening vir sodanige ooreenkomste om onwettig en nietig verklaar te word.
True or False:
A lessee who concludes an unregistered agreement of lease for life is always protected against third parties as long as he occupies the premises.
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Waar of Onwaar:
Die huurder wat ‘n ongeregistreerde huurkontrak vir sy lewensduur aangegaan het, is vir altyd teenoor derdes beskerm solank hy net die huurperseel okkupeer.
Question 8Answer
a.
True / Waar
b.
False / Onwaar
Answer: b. False / Onwaar
While occupying the premises does offer some protection, an unregistered lease agreement does not always protect the lessee against third parties, particularly if those third parties have a registered interest in the property.
Alhoewel die okkupasie van die perseel 'n mate van beskerming bied, beskerm 'n ongeregistreerde huurkontrak nie altyd die huurder teen derde partye nie, veral as daardie derde partye 'n geregistreerde belang in die eiendom het.
While occupying the premises does offer some protection, an unregistered lease agreement does not always protect the lessee against third parties, particularly if those third parties have a registered interest in the property.
Alhoewel die okkupasie van die perseel 'n mate van beskerming bied, beskerm 'n ongeregistreerde huurkontrak nie altyd die huurder teen derde partye nie, veral as daardie derde partye 'n geregistreerde belang in die eiendom het.
rue or False:
Lease and financial lease are contracts that have one thing in common: at the end of the period of lease, the lessee can become owner of the leased object.
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Waar of Onwaar:
Huurkontrakte en bruikhuurkontrakte het een ding in gemeen: na afloop van die kontrak kan die huurder eienaar word van die saak wat gehuur is.
Question 9Answer
a.
True / Waar
b.
False / Onwaar
Answer: b. False / Onwaar
In a standard lease contract, the lessee does not have the option to become the owner of the leased object at the end of the lease period. However, in a financial lease, the lessee may have the option to purchase the object at the end of the lease period.
In 'n standaard huurkontrak het die huurder nie die opsie om die eienaar van die gehuurde objek te word aan die einde van die huurperiode nie. In 'n finansiële huurkontrak mag die huurder egter die opsie hê om die objek aan die einde van die huurperiode te koop.
In a standard lease contract, the lessee does not have the option to become the owner of the leased object at the end of the lease period. However, in a financial lease, the lessee may have the option to purchase the object at the end of the lease period.
In 'n standaard huurkontrak het die huurder nie die opsie om die eienaar van die gehuurde objek te word aan die einde van die huurperiode nie. In 'n finansiële huurkontrak mag die huurder egter die opsie hê om die objek aan die einde van die huurperiode te koop.
True or False:
Ferdi agrees to rent his two-bedroomed apartment in Stellenbosch out to Charlie and Stuart for R15 * per month, fully furnished to be occupied by two people. When Charlie and Stuart move in, the apartment only has one single bed and no fridge or stove. Ferdi has complied with his duty to deliver the property to Charlie and Stuart.
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Waar of Onwaar:
Ferdi stem in om sy twee-slaapkamer woonstel in Stellenbosch uit te verhuur aan Charlie en Stuart vir R15 * ‘n maand, ten volle gemeubileerd om deur twee mense bewoon te word. Toe Charlie en Stuart intrek in die woonstel, het die woonstel slegs een enkelbed en geen yskas of stoof. Ferdi het sy plig om die eiendom aan Charlie en Stuart te lewer nagekom.
Question 10Answer
a.
True / Waar
b.
False / Onwaar
Answer: b. False / Onwaar
Ferdi has not complied with his duty to deliver the property as agreed upon. The agreement was for a fully furnished apartment for two people, but the apartment is missing essential furnishings.
Ferdi het nie sy plig nagekom om die eiendom te lewer soos ooreengekom nie. Die ooreenkoms was vir 'n volledig gemeubileerde woonstel vir twee mense, maar die woonstel ontbreek noodsaaklike meubels.
Ferdi has not complied with his duty to deliver the property as agreed upon. The agreement was for a fully furnished apartment for two people, but the apartment is missing essential furnishings.
Ferdi het nie sy plig nagekom om die eiendom te lewer soos ooreengekom nie. Die ooreenkoms was vir 'n volledig gemeubileerde woonstel vir twee mense, maar die woonstel ontbreek noodsaaklike meubels.
True or False:
Jeremy inherits a property from his uncle and wants to rent it out to Vinesh, but does not know what an appropriate amount of rental would be. Jeremy and Vinesh therefore agrees that Hlabi, a rental agent, will evaluate the property and determine the monthly rental amount. This is a valid agreement in respect of the payment of rent.
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Waar of Onwaar:
Jeremy erf ‘n eiendom van sy oom en wil dit verhuur aan Vinesh, maar weet nie wat ‘n toepaslike huurbedrag sal wees nie. Jeremy en Vinesh kom daarom ooreen dat Hlabi, ‘n huuragent, die eiendom sal evalueer en ‘n maandelikse huurbedrag sal vasstel. Dit is ‘n geldige ooreenkoms ten opsigte van die betaling van die huur.
Question 11Answer
a.
True / Waar
b.
False / Onwaar
Answer: a. True / Waar
According to South African law, the rental amount can be determined by a third party if the landlord and tenant cannot agree on a price. In this case, Hlabi, as a rental agent, can evaluate the property and determine the monthly rental amount.
Volgens Suid-Afrikaanse wet kan die huurbedrag bepaal word deur 'n derde party as die verhuurder en huurder nie oor 'n prys kan ooreenkom nie. In hierdie geval kan Hlabi, as 'n huuragent, die eiendom evalueer en die maandelikse huurbedrag bepaal.
According to South African law, the rental amount can be determined by a third party if the landlord and tenant cannot agree on a price. In this case, Hlabi, as a rental agent, can evaluate the property and determine the monthly rental amount.
Volgens Suid-Afrikaanse wet kan die huurbedrag bepaal word deur 'n derde party as die verhuurder en huurder nie oor 'n prys kan ooreenkom nie. In hierdie geval kan Hlabi, as 'n huuragent, die eiendom evalueer en die maandelikse huurbedrag bepaal.
True or False:
Kate rents a granny flat from Tom but falls in arrears with her rent. From his kitchen window Tom can see a canoe and mountain bike standing outside the flat. Tom does not know that they belong to Kim’s boyfriend, William, who does not use them over the winter months but who plans to collect both again at the beginning of December. The bike and canoe fall under Tom’s tacit hypothec.
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Waar of Onwaar:
Kate huur ‘n tuinwoonstel by Tom, maar raak sy agterstallig met die huurgeld. Vanuit sy kombuisvenster kan Tom ‘n kanoe en bergfiets buite die woonstel sien staan. Tom weet egter nie dat dit behoort aan Kate se kêrel, William, wat dit nie tydens die wintermaande gebruik nie, maar van plan is om dit weer aan die begin van Desember te kom haal. Die fiets en kanoe val onder Tom se stilswyende hipoteek.
Question 12Answer
a.
False / Onwaar
b.
True / Waar
Answer: a. False / Onwaar
A landlord's tacit hypothec applies only to the tenant's movable property that is on the premises, not those of a third party. Since the canoe and mountain bike belong to William, they do not fall under Tom's tacit hypothec.
'n Verhuurder se stilswyende hipoteek is slegs van toepassing op die huurder se roerende eiendom wat op die perseel is, nie dié van 'n derde party nie. Aangesien die kano en bergfiets aan William behoort, val hulle nie onder Tom se stilswyende hipoteek nie.
A landlord's tacit hypothec applies only to the tenant's movable property that is on the premises, not those of a third party. Since the canoe and mountain bike belong to William, they do not fall under Tom's tacit hypothec.
'n Verhuurder se stilswyende hipoteek is slegs van toepassing op die huurder se roerende eiendom wat op die perseel is, nie dié van 'n derde party nie. Aangesien die kano en bergfiets aan William behoort, val hulle nie onder Tom se stilswyende hipoteek nie.
Choose the correct option:
ABC Auditing purchases four new computers for their office from Ben’s online computer store. In terms of their agreement, Ben would deliver the computers within * business days. On his way to ABC Auditing, Ben recklessly jumps a red robot and causes an accident that damaged and cracked two of the computer screens. Who will be liable for the damages?
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Kies die korrekte opsie:
ABC Ouditeure koop vier nuwe rekenaars vir hul kantoor by Ben se aanlyn rekenaarwinkel aan. Ingevolge hul ooreenkoms sal Ben die rekenaars binne drie besigheidsdae aflewer. Op pad na ABC Ouditeure jaag Ben roekeloos oor 'n rooi robot en veroorsaak 'n ongeluk waar twee van die rekenaarskerms beskadig en gekraak is. Wie is aanspreeklik vir die skade veroorsaak?
Question 13Answer
a.
Ben will be liable for the damages due to his negligence. / Ben sal aanspreeklik wees vir die skade weens sy nalatigheid.
b.
ABC auditing will be liable for the damages since they already paid for the computers. / ABC Ouditeure is aanspreeklik vir die skade, aangesien dit reeds vir die rekenaars betaal is.
c.
No one will be liable because Ben could not have foreseen that he would end up in the accident that would damage the computers. / Niemand sal aanspreeklik wees nie, want Ben kon nie voorsien het dat hy in die ongeluk sou beland wat die rekenaars sou beskadig nie.
Answer: a. Ben will be liable for the damages due to his negligence. / Ben sal aanspreeklik wees vir die skade weens sy nalatigheid.
Ben's reckless behavior caused the accident and the resulting damage to the computers. Therefore, he would be held accountable for the damages.
Ben se roekelose gedrag het die ongeluk en die daaropvolgende skade aan die rekenaars veroorsaak. Daarom sal hy verantwoordelik gehou word vir die skade.
Ben's reckless behavior caused the accident and the resulting damage to the computers. Therefore, he would be held accountable for the damages.
Ben se roekelose gedrag het die ongeluk en die daaropvolgende skade aan die rekenaars veroorsaak. Daarom sal hy verantwoordelik gehou word vir die skade.
rue or False:
If a seller has to incur necessary or useful expenses in taking care of the item(s) subject to the sale agreement between contract conclusion and delivery, the buyer will have an obligation to reimburse the seller for those necessary or useful expenses.
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Waar of Onwaar:
Indien ‘n verkoper noodsaaklike of nuttige uitgawes moet aangaan om die item(s) wat die onderwerp van ‘n koopkontrak is te versorg tussen kontraksluiting en lewering, sal die koper ‘n verpligting hê om die verkoper te vergoed vir daardie noodsaaklike of nuttige uitgawes.
Question 15Answer
a.
False / Onwaar
b.
True / Waar
Answer: a. False / Onwaar
As per South African law, the buyer is not obligated to reimburse the seller for necessary or useful expenses incurred in taking care of the item(s) between contract conclusion and delivery. These costs are typically borne by the seller.
Volgens Suid-Afrikaanse wet is die koper nie verplig om die verkoper te vergoed vir noodsaaklike of nuttige uitgawes wat aangegaan is om na die item(s) te sorg tussen kontraksluiting en aflewering nie. Hierdie koste word tipies deur die verkoper gedra.
As per South African law, the buyer is not obligated to reimburse the seller for necessary or useful expenses incurred in taking care of the item(s) between contract conclusion and delivery. These costs are typically borne by the seller.
Volgens Suid-Afrikaanse wet is die koper nie verplig om die verkoper te vergoed vir noodsaaklike of nuttige uitgawes wat aangegaan is om na die item(s) te sorg tussen kontraksluiting en aflewering nie. Hierdie koste word tipies deur die verkoper gedra.
True or False:
Themba's wife, Eunice, buys a sectional title unit in a security complex. Before signing the contract, she breaks both arms on a mountaineering excursion. Themba assures her that it will be okay if she only makes a mark and has it confirmed by an oath commissioner as her signature.
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Waar of Onwaar:
Themba se vrou, Eunice, koop ‘n deeltiteleenheid in ‘n sekuriteitskompleks. Voordat sy die kontrak teken, breek sy beide haar arms op ‘n bergklimuitstappie. Themba verseker haar dat dit in orde sal wees as sy slegs ‘n merk aanbring en dit deur ‘n kommissaris van ede laat bevestig as haar handtekening.
Question 16Answer
a.
True / Waar
b.
False / Onwaar
Answer: a. True / Waar
As per South African law, if a person cannot sign a contract due to a physical impairment, they can make a mark and have it confirmed by a commissioner of oaths. This mark will be legally recognized as their signature.
Volgens Suid-Afrikaanse wet, as 'n persoon nie 'n kontrak kan onderteken as gevolg van 'n fisiese gestremdheid nie, kan hulle 'n merk maak en dit deur 'n kommissaris van ede laat bevestig. Hierdie merk sal wettiglik erken word as hul handtekening.
As per South African law, if a person cannot sign a contract due to a physical impairment, they can make a mark and have it confirmed by a commissioner of oaths. This mark will be legally recognized as their signature.
Volgens Suid-Afrikaanse wet, as 'n persoon nie 'n kontrak kan onderteken as gevolg van 'n fisiese gestremdheid nie, kan hulle 'n merk maak en dit deur 'n kommissaris van ede laat bevestig. Hierdie merk sal wettiglik erken word as hul handtekening.
True or False:
A company with an annual turnover of R100 * * does not enjoy the protection of the National Credit Act.
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Waar of Onwaar:
‘n Maatskappy wat ‘n jaarlikse omset van R100 * * het sal nie die beskerming van die Nasionale Kredietwet geniet nie.
Question 17Answer
a.
False / Onwaar
b.
True / Waar
Answer: b. True / Waar
According to the National Credit Act of South Africa, a company with an annual turnover of R100 * * or more does not fall within the ambit of the Act and therefore does not enjoy its protection.
Volgens die Nasionale Kredietwet van Suid-Afrika val 'n maatskappy met 'n jaarlikse omset van R100 * * of meer nie binne die bestek van die Wet nie en geniet dus nie die beskerming daarvan nie.
According to the National Credit Act of South Africa, a company with an annual turnover of R100 * * or more does not fall within the ambit of the Act and therefore does not enjoy its protection.
Volgens die Nasionale Kredietwet van Suid-Afrika val 'n maatskappy met 'n jaarlikse omset van R100 * * of meer nie binne die bestek van die Wet nie en geniet dus nie die beskerming daarvan nie.
True or False:
Normally a credit agreement may not be concluded at a private residence or workplace.
---------------------------------------
Waar of Onwaar:
‘n Kredietooreenkoms mag normaalweg nie by ‘n privaatwoning of werksplek aangegaan word nie.
Question 18Answer
a.
True / Waar
b.
False / Onwaar
Answer: a. True / Waar
Under the National Credit Act of South Africa, a credit agreement cannot usually be concluded at a private residence or workplace unless the consumer has expressly requested it.
Volgens die Nasionale Kredietwet van Suid-Afrika kan 'n kredietooreenkoms gewoonlik nie by 'n privaatwoning of werkplek gesluit word nie, tensy die verbruiker dit uitdruklik versoek het.
Under the National Credit Act of South Africa, a credit agreement cannot usually be concluded at a private residence or workplace unless the consumer has expressly requested it.
Volgens die Nasionale Kredietwet van Suid-Afrika kan 'n kredietooreenkoms gewoonlik nie by 'n privaatwoning of werkplek gesluit word nie, tensy die verbruiker dit uitdruklik versoek het.
Choose the correct option:
Peter enters into a credit agreement with his father. Does the National Credit Act * of * apply to this agreement?
---------------------------------------
Kies die korrekte opsie:
Peter sluit 'n kredietooreenkoms met sy pa. Is die Nasionale Kredietwet * van * op hierdie ooreenkoms van toepassing?
Question 19Answer
a.
Yes / Ja
b.
No / Nee
Answer: b. No / Nee
The National Credit Act * of * does not apply to credit agreements between family members. Therefore, the agreement between Peter and his father would not fall under this Act.
Die Nasionale Kredietwet * van * is nie van toepassing op kredietooreenkomste tussen familielede nie. Die ooreenkoms tussen Peter en sy pa sou dus nie onder hierdie Wet val nie.
The National Credit Act * of * does not apply to credit agreements between family members. Therefore, the agreement between Peter and his father would not fall under this Act.
Die Nasionale Kredietwet * van * is nie van toepassing op kredietooreenkomste tussen familielede nie. Die ooreenkoms tussen Peter en sy pa sou dus nie onder hierdie Wet val nie.
True or False:
Themba rents a business premises in the Executive Office Park for a term of seventeen years. Themba never signed a lease, but only concluded an oral lease. During year twelve of the lease, Executive Office Park is sold to Mansion Developers. They want to develop the building into sectional title units. Themba's lease is protected by the ‘huur gaat voor koop' principle and he can lease the office for the rest of his lease term.
---------------------------------------
Waar of Onwaar:
Themba huur ‘n besigheidsperseel in die Executive Office Park vir ‘n huurtermyn van sewentien jaar. Themba het nooit ‘n huurkontrak onderteken nie, maar het net ‘n mondelinge huurooreenkoms gesluit. Gedurende jaar twaalf van die huurooreenkoms word Executive Office Park aan Mansion Developers verkoop. Hulle wil die gebou in deeltiteleenhede ontwikkel. Themba se huurkontrak is beskerm deur die ‘huur gaat voor koop’ beginsel en kan hy vir die res van sy huurtermyn die kantoor huur.
Question 20Answer
a.
True / Waar
b.
False / Onwaar
Answer: b. False / Onwaar
The 'huur gaat voor koop' principle generally protects a lessee when the property is sold. However, in South Africa, this principle does not apply to oral leases that are for a period of over 10 years unless they are registered. Since Themba's lease is for 17 years and is unregistered, it is not protected by this principle.
Die beginsel 'huur gaat voor koop' beskerm gewoonlik 'n huurder wanneer die eiendom verkoop word. In Suid-Afrika is hierdie beginsel egter nie van toepassing op mondelinge huurkontrakte vir 'n periode van meer as * jaar tensy hulle geregistreer is nie. Aangesien Themba se huurkontrak vir * jaar is en nie geregistreer is nie, word dit nie deur hierdie beginsel beskerm nie.
The 'huur gaat voor koop' principle generally protects a lessee when the property is sold. However, in South Africa, this principle does not apply to oral leases that are for a period of over 10 years unless they are registered. Since Themba's lease is for 17 years and is unregistered, it is not protected by this principle.
Die beginsel 'huur gaat voor koop' beskerm gewoonlik 'n huurder wanneer die eiendom verkoop word. In Suid-Afrika is hierdie beginsel egter nie van toepassing op mondelinge huurkontrakte vir 'n periode van meer as * jaar tensy hulle geregistreer is nie. Aangesien Themba se huurkontrak vir * jaar is en nie geregistreer is nie, word dit nie deur hierdie beginsel beskerm nie.
True or False:
A lessee that made a useful and luxurious addition to a rural property with the consent of the lessor can claim compensation for both the material and costs of labour.
---------------------------------------
Waar of Onwaar:
‘n Huurder wat ‘n nuttige en luukse byvoeging gemaak het tot ‘n landelike eiendom met die toestemming van die verhuurder kan vergoeding verhaal vir beide die materiaal- sowel as die arbeidskoste.
Question 21Answer
a.
True / Waar
b.
False / Onwaa
Answer: a. True / Waar
As per South African law, a lessee can claim compensation for both the material and labour costs if they made a useful and luxurious addition to a property with the consent of the lessor.
Volgens Suid-Afrikaanse wet kan 'n huurder vergoeding eis vir beide die materiaal- en arbeidskoste as hulle 'n nuttige en luukse byvoeging tot 'n eiendom gemaak het met die toestemming van die verhuurder.
As per South African law, a lessee can claim compensation for both the material and labour costs if they made a useful and luxurious addition to a property with the consent of the lessor.
Volgens Suid-Afrikaanse wet kan 'n huurder vergoeding eis vir beide die materiaal- en arbeidskoste as hulle 'n nuttige en luukse byvoeging tot 'n eiendom gemaak het met die toestemming van die verhuurder.
True or False:
If a consumer terminates a credit agreement by making use of their cooling off right, the credit provider must refund to the consumer any money paid by the consumer under the agreement within * calendar days after the delivery of the notice to terminate.
---------------------------------------
Waar of Onwaar:
Indien ‘n verbruiker die kredietooreenkoms beëindig deur gebruik te maak van hul afkoelreg, moet die kredietverskaffer enige gelde wat deur die verbruiker in terme van die kredietooreenkoms betaal is, terugbetaal binne * kalenderdae na die aflewering van die kennisgewing van beëindiging.
Question 22Answer
a.
False / Onwaar
b.
True / Waar
Answer: b. True / Waar
The National Credit Act in South Africa stipulates that the credit provider must refund any money paid by the consumer within * calendar days after the delivery of the notice to terminate the credit agreement.
Die Nasionale Kredietwet in Suid-Afrika bepaal dat die kredietverskaffer enige geld wat deur die verbruiker betaal is, binne * kalenderdae na die aflewering van die kennisgewing van beëindiging van die kredietooreenkoms moet terugbetaal.
The National Credit Act in South Africa stipulates that the credit provider must refund any money paid by the consumer within * calendar days after the delivery of the notice to terminate the credit agreement.
Die Nasionale Kredietwet in Suid-Afrika bepaal dat die kredietverskaffer enige geld wat deur die verbruiker betaal is, binne * kalenderdae na die aflewering van die kennisgewing van beëindiging van die kredietooreenkoms moet terugbetaal.
True or False:
Property Rentals (Pty) Ltd advertised apartments for rent in Stellenbosch. The advertisement states that only individuals of a certain race will be eligible to become tenants of the apartments available. Property Rentals (Pty) Ltd may validly exclude individuals of other races from eligibility to rent the available properties.
---------------------------------------
Waar of Onwaar:
Property Rentals (Edms) Bpk adverteer woonstelle te huur in Stellenbosch. Die advertensie dui aan dat slegs individue van ‘n sekere rasgroep in aanmerking kan kom om huurders van die beskikbare woonstelle te wees. Property Rentals (Edms) Bpk mag geldiglik individue van ander rasgroepe uitsluit daarvan om in aanmerking te kan kom om die beskikbare eiendomme te huur.
Question 23Answer
a.
False / Onwaar
b.
True / Waar
Answer: a. False / Onwaar
According to South African law, it is illegal to discriminate on the basis of race in any aspect, including housing. Therefore, Property Rentals (Pty) Ltd cannot validly exclude individuals of other races from eligibility to rent the available properties.
Volgens Suid-Afrikaanse wet is dit onwettig om op grond van ras te diskrimineer in enige aspek, insluitend behuising. Daarom kan Property Rentals (Edms) Bpk nie geldiglik individue van ander rasgroepe uitsluit van die moontlikheid om die beskikbare eiendomme te huur nie.
According to South African law, it is illegal to discriminate on the basis of race in any aspect, including housing. Therefore, Property Rentals (Pty) Ltd cannot validly exclude individuals of other races from eligibility to rent the available properties.
Volgens Suid-Afrikaanse wet is dit onwettig om op grond van ras te diskrimineer in enige aspek, insluitend behuising. Daarom kan Property Rentals (Edms) Bpk nie geldiglik individue van ander rasgroepe uitsluit van die moontlikheid om die beskikbare eiendomme te huur nie.
Choose the correct option:
Godfrey has a car which he drives around in to do his job as a sales person. The car is not his car, but the car of his employer. However, Godfrey is struggling financially and decides to sell the car to WeBuySellAndRepairCars.com for extra income. The contract is concluded and Godfrey delivers the car to WeBuySellAndRepairCars.com on June *, *.
Which of the following statements is FALSE?
---------------------------------------
Kies die korrekte opsie:
Godfrey het ‘n motor waarmee hy rondry om sy werk as verkoopspersoon te doen. Die motor is nie sy motor nie, maar die motor van sy werkgewer. Godfrey sukkel egter finansieël en besluit om die motor te verkoop aan WeBuySellAndRepairCars.com vir ekstra inkomste. Die koopkontrak word gesluit en Godfrey lewer die motor aan WeBuySellAndRepairCars.com op * Junie *.
Watter een van die volgende stellings is ONWAAR?
Question 24Answer
a.
No person can transfer more rights than they own and therefore Godfrey cannot transfer property to WeBuySellAndRepairCars.com. / Geen persoon kan meer regte oordra as wat hulle self besit nie en daarom kan Godfrey nie eiendomsoordrag oordra aan WeBuySellAndRepairCars.com nie.
b.
The contract of sale was valid, there was delivery of the car to WeBuySellAndRepairCars.com and ownership was transferred to the buyer. / Die koopkontrak was geldig, daar was lewering van die motor aan WeBuySellAndRepairCars.com en het eiendomsreg oorgegaan na die koper.
c.
Godfrey's employer can claim the car from WeBuySellAndRepairCars.com because they are the real owners of the car. / Godfrey se werkgewer kan die motor kom opeis vanaf WeBuySellAndRepairCars.com omdat hul die werklike eienaars van die motor is.
d.
The purchase contract was valid and therefore WeBuySellAndRepairCars.com has a warranty against eviction against Godfrey because they were not aware that Godfrey is not the actual owner of the car. / Die koopkontrak was geldig en daarom het WeBuySellAndRepairCars.com ‘n waarborg teen uitwinning teen Godfrey omdat hulle nie bewus was daarvan dat Godfrey nie die werklike eienaar van die motor is nie.
Answer: b. The contract of sale was valid, there was delivery of the car to WeBuySellAndRepairCars.com and ownership was transferred to the buyer. / Die koopkontrak was geldig, daar was lewering van die motor aan WeBuySellAndRepairCars.com en het eiendomsreg oorgegaan na die koper.
Godfrey was not the owner of the car and therefore could not transfer ownership to WeBuySellAndRepairCars.com. Thus, the statement that the contract of sale was valid and ownership was transferred to the buyer is false.
Godfrey was nie die eienaar van die motor nie en kon dus nie eienaarskap oordra aan WeBuySellAndRepairCars.com nie. Die stelling dat die koopkontrak geldig was en eienaarskap oorgegaan het na die koper, is dus onwaar.
Godfrey was not the owner of the car and therefore could not transfer ownership to WeBuySellAndRepairCars.com. Thus, the statement that the contract of sale was valid and ownership was transferred to the buyer is false.
Godfrey was nie die eienaar van die motor nie en kon dus nie eienaarskap oordra aan WeBuySellAndRepairCars.com nie. Die stelling dat die koopkontrak geldig was en eienaarskap oorgegaan het na die koper, is dus onwaar.
True or False:
A purchased a house in Gansbaai. B wants to rent A’s house. They agree that B shall pay rent that is “reasonable” for the area. This is not a valid lease contract.
---------------------------------------
Waar of Onwaar:
A koop 'n huis in Gansbaai. B wil die plek by A huur. Hulle kom ooreen dat B huur sal betaal wat "redelik" is vir die area. Dit is nie 'n geldige huurkontrak nie.
Question 25Answer
a.
False / Onwaar
b.
True / Waar
Answer: a. False / Onwaar
In South African law, a lease agreement can be valid even if the exact amount of rent is not specified, as long as it is determined or determinable, for example, by stating that the rent will be "reasonable" for the area.
In Suid-Afrikaanse reg kan 'n huurkontrak geldig wees selfs al word die presiese bedrag van die huur nie gespesifiseer nie, solank dit bepaal is of bepaalbaar is, byvoorbeeld deur te sê dat die huur "redelik" sal wees vir die area.
In South African law, a lease agreement can be valid even if the exact amount of rent is not specified, as long as it is determined or determinable, for example, by stating that the rent will be "reasonable" for the area.
In Suid-Afrikaanse reg kan 'n huurkontrak geldig wees selfs al word die presiese bedrag van die huur nie gespesifiseer nie, solank dit bepaal is of bepaalbaar is, byvoorbeeld deur te sê dat die huur "redelik" sal wees vir die area.
Choose the correct option:
A lease agreement can be renewed:
---------------------------------------
Kies die korrekte opsie:
'n Huurooreenkoms kan hernu word:
Question 26Answer
a.
tacitly by means of their conduct. / stilswyend deur middel van hul gedrag.
b.
expressly in terms of the contact. / uitdruklik in terme van die kontrak.
c.
all of the other options / al die ander opsies.
d.
as a result of a new contract. / as gevolg van ‘n nuwe kontrak.
Answer: c. all of the other options / al die ander opsies.
A lease agreement can be renewed tacitly by means of their conduct, expressly in terms of the contract, or as a result of a new contract.
'n Huurooreenkoms kan stilswyend deur middel van hul gedrag hernu word, uitdruklik in terme van die kontrak, of as gevolg van 'n nuwe kontrak.
A lease agreement can be renewed tacitly by means of their conduct, expressly in terms of the contract, or as a result of a new contract.
'n Huurooreenkoms kan stilswyend deur middel van hul gedrag hernu word, uitdruklik in terme van die kontrak, of as gevolg van 'n nuwe kontrak.
True or False:
An instalment sale agreement can apply to both movable and immovable properties.
---------------------------------------
Waar of Onwaar:
'n Afbetalingsooreenkoms kan aangegaan word vir beide roerende as onroerende eiendom.
Question 27Answer
a.
False / Onwaar
b.
True / Waar
Answer: a. False / Onwaar
According to the South African law, the instalment sale agreement applies only to movable properties, not immovable properties. Therefore, the statement is false.
Volgens Suid-Afrikaanse wet is die afbetalingsooreenkoms slegs van toepassing op roerende eiendomme, nie onroerende eiendomme nie. Die stelling is dus onwaar.
According to the South African law, the instalment sale agreement applies only to movable properties, not immovable properties. Therefore, the statement is false.
Volgens Suid-Afrikaanse wet is die afbetalingsooreenkoms slegs van toepassing op roerende eiendomme, nie onroerende eiendomme nie. Die stelling is dus onwaar.
True or False:
The contract of sale is not a reciprocal agreement.
---------------------------------------
Waar of Onwaar:
Die koopkontrak is nie 'n wederkerige ooreenkoms nie.
Question 28Answer
a.
False / Onwaar
b.
True / Waar
Answer: a. False / Onwaar
A contract of sale is indeed a reciprocal agreement as it involves mutual obligations. The seller is obliged to deliver the goods, and the buyer is obliged to pay the price in return.
'n Koopkontrak is inderdaad 'n wederkerige ooreenkoms aangesien dit wedersydse verpligtinge behels. Die verkoper is verplig om die goedere te lewer, en die koper is verplig om die prys in ruil daarvoor te betaal.
A contract of sale is indeed a reciprocal agreement as it involves mutual obligations. The seller is obliged to deliver the goods, and the buyer is obliged to pay the price in return.
'n Koopkontrak is inderdaad 'n wederkerige ooreenkoms aangesien dit wedersydse verpligtinge behels. Die verkoper is verplig om die goedere te lewer, en die koper is verplig om die prys in ruil daarvoor te betaal.
Choose the correct option:
Which one of the following statements in respect of the termination of a lease is FALSE?
---------------------------------------
Kies die korrekte opsie:
Watter een van die volgende stellings in verband met die beëindiging van ‘n huurkontrak is ONWAAR?
Question 29Answer
a.
A leases an apartment from B. A dies. The lease will terminate if the contract stipulates that the lessee can terminate the contract when he so wishes. / A huur ‘n woonstel vanaf B. A sterf. Die huurooreenkoms sal beëindig word indien die kontrak bepaal dat die huurder die kontrak kan beëindig wanneer hy wil.
b.
A leases and from B. A dies. The lease will terminate if the contract stipulates that the lessor can terminate the contract when he so wishes. / A huur ‘n woonstel vanaf B. A sterf. Die huurooreenkoms sal beëindig word indien die kontrak bepaal dat die verhuurder die kontrak kan beëindig wanneer hy wil.
c.
A leases an apartment from B. A dies. The lease will terminate if the contract makes provision therefor that the contract terminates in case of death of the lessor or lessee. / A huur ‘n woonstel vanaf B. A sterf. Die huurooreenkoms sal beëindig word indien die kontrak daarvoor voorsiening maak dat dit beëindig sal word in geval van dood van die verhuurder of huurder.
Answer: b. A leases and from B. A dies. The lease will terminate if the contract stipulates that the lessor can terminate the contract when he so wishes. / A huur ‘n woonstel vanaf B. A sterf. Die huurooreenkoms sal beëindig word indien die kontrak bepaal dat die verhuurder die kontrak kan beëindig wanneer hy wil.
The death of a lessee doesn't automatically give the lessor the right to terminate the lease. The lease can continue with the lessee's estate unless the contract specifically provides for termination upon the lessee's death.
Die dood van 'n huurder gee nie outomaties aan die verhuurder die reg om die huur te beëindig nie. Die huur kan voortgaan met die huurder se boedel, tensy die kontrak spesifiek voorsiening maak vir beëindiging by die huurder se dood.
The death of a lessee doesn't automatically give the lessor the right to terminate the lease. The lease can continue with the lessee's estate unless the contract specifically provides for termination upon the lessee's death.
Die dood van 'n huurder gee nie outomaties aan die verhuurder die reg om die huur te beëindig nie. Die huur kan voortgaan met die huurder se boedel, tensy die kontrak spesifiek voorsiening maak vir beëindiging by die huurder se dood.
Choose the correct option:
Mpho rents an incredible *-bedroom home in Northcliff from Kabelo. The lease is for 3 years for the period from * June * to * May * for R20 * per month. Originally, she thought she was going to occupy the house herself. However, after 12 months alone in the house, she realizes that the house is far too big for her and decides to invite her friend Karabo to move in with her for R5000 per month from * June *. This is a case of:
---------------------------------------
Kies die korrekte opsie:
Mpho huur ‘n ongelooflike * slaapkamer huis in Northcliff vanaf Kabelo. Die huurkontrak loop vir * jaar vir die tydperk vanaf * Junie * tot * Mei * vir R20 * per maand. Oorspronklik het sy gedink dat sy self die huis gaan bewoon. Sy besef egter na * maande alleen in die huis dat die huis heeltemal te groot is vir haar en besluit om haar vriendin, Karabo, te nooi om by haar in te trek vir R5000 per maand vanaf * Junie *. Hierdie is ‘n geval van:
Question 30Answer
a.
Sub-lease / Onderverhuring.
b.
Delegation / Delegasie
c.
Assignment / Assignment
d.
Cession / Sessie.
Answer: a. Sub-lease / Onderverhuring.
When Mpho invites Karabo to live with her and charges her rent, she is sub-leasing the property. She is still responsible for paying the full rent to Kabelo and remains the primary tenant, while Karabo becomes the sub-tenant.
Wanneer Mpho Karabo nooi om by haar te woon en haar huur vra, onderverhuur sy die eiendom. Sy is steeds verantwoordelik om die volle huur aan Kabelo te betaal en bly die primêre huurder, terwyl Karabo die onderhuurder word.
When Mpho invites Karabo to live with her and charges her rent, she is sub-leasing the property. She is still responsible for paying the full rent to Kabelo and remains the primary tenant, while Karabo becomes the sub-tenant.
Wanneer Mpho Karabo nooi om by haar te woon en haar huur vra, onderverhuur sy die eiendom. Sy is steeds verantwoordelik om die volle huur aan Kabelo te betaal en bly die primêre huurder, terwyl Karabo die onderhuurder word.
Choose the correct option:
A and B conclude a contract in terms of which A will make B a yellow wood table for the amount of R20 *. The contract states: “If A breaches the contract, he will be liable for a penalty amount of R1000.” The contract does not refer to damages in any other way. The market value of a pine wood table is R10 *. However, it is a nice table and B accepts performance.
---------------------------------------
Kies die korrekte opsie:
A en B sluit ‘n kontrak dat A ‘n geelhouttafel vir B sal maak vir R20 *. Die kontrak bepaal: “As A kontrakbreuk pleeg sal hy aanspreeklik wees vir ‘n strafbedrag van R1 *.” Daar word niks verder oor skadevergoeding genoem nie. Toe A die tafel lewer is dit van dennehout gemaak. Die markwaarde van die dennehouttafel is R10 *. Dit is egter ‘n mooi tafel en B aanvaar die prestasie.
Question 1Answer
a.
B can claim the penalty amount as this is a case of positive malperformance. / B kan die stafbedrag eis omdat daar positiewe wanprestasie plaasgevind het.
b.
B cannot claim the penalty amount because the contract does not provide for defective performance that has been accepted by the creditor. / B kan nie die strafbedrag eis nie omdat die kontrak nie voorsiening maak vir gebrekkige prestasie wat aanvaar word deur die skuldeiser nie.
Answer: b. B cannot claim the penalty amount because the contract does not provide for defective performance that has been accepted by the creditor. / B kan nie die strafbedrag eis nie omdat die kontrak nie voorsiening maak vir gebrekkige prestasie wat aanvaar word deur die skuldeiser nie.
Since B accepted the table, despite it not being as originally agreed, they cannot claim the penalty amount for breach of contract.
Aangesien B die tafel aanvaar het, ten spyte van die feit dat dit nie soos oorspronklik ooreengekom was nie, kan hulle nie die strafbedrag vir kontrakbreuk eis nie.
Since B accepted the table, despite it not being as originally agreed, they cannot claim the penalty amount for breach of contract.
Aangesien B die tafel aanvaar het, ten spyte van die feit dat dit nie soos oorspronklik ooreengekom was nie, kan hulle nie die strafbedrag vir kontrakbreuk eis nie.
True or False:
The Conventional Penalties Act requires that where a contract provides for a penalty clause, the innocent party must claim the penalty amount in the event of breach of contract, unless the contract provides for a choice between the penalty amount and a claim for damages.
---------------------------------------
Waar of Onwaar:
Die Wet op Strafbedinge vereis dat waar ‘n kontrak voorsiening maak vir ‘n strafbeding, die onskuldige party die strafbedrag moet eis in geval van kontrakbreuk, tensy die kontrak voorsiening maak vir ‘n keuse tussen die strafbedrag en ‘n eis vir skadevergoeding.
Question 2Answer
a.
False / Onwaar
b.
True / Waar
Answer: a. False / Onwaar
The Conventional Penalties Act does not require the innocent party to claim the penalty amount in case of breach of contract. Instead, the innocent party can choose to claim either the penalty amount or damages, unless the contract specifies otherwise.
Die Wet op Strafbedinge vereis nie dat die onskuldige party die strafbedrag moet eis in geval van kontrakbreuk nie. In plaas daarvan kan die onskuldige party kies om óf die strafbedrag óf skadevergoeding te eis, tensy die kontrak anders spesifiseer.
The Conventional Penalties Act does not require the innocent party to claim the penalty amount in case of breach of contract. Instead, the innocent party can choose to claim either the penalty amount or damages, unless the contract specifies otherwise.
Die Wet op Strafbedinge vereis nie dat die onskuldige party die strafbedrag moet eis in geval van kontrakbreuk nie. In plaas daarvan kan die onskuldige party kies om óf die strafbedrag óf skadevergoeding te eis, tensy die kontrak anders spesifiseer.
Choose the correct option:
Annie sells a laptop to Betty. Annie is not the owner of the laptop. This is an example of:
---------------------------------------
Kies die korrekte opsie:
Annie verkoop ʼn skootrekenaar aan Betty. Annie is nie die eienaar van die skootrekenaar nie. Dit is ʼn voorbeeld van:
Question 3Answer
a.
Relative (subjective) impossibility / Relatiewe (subjektiewe) onmoontlikheid
b.
Absolute (objective) impossibility / Absolute (objektiewe) onmoontlikheid
Answer: a. Relative (subjective) impossibility / Relatiewe (subjektiewe) onmoontlikheid
Since Annie is not the owner of the laptop, she cannot legally sell it. This is known as relative or subjective impossibility, as the impossibility is personal to Annie.
Aangesien Annie nie die eienaar van die skootrekenaar is nie, kan sy dit nie wettiglik verkoop nie. Dit staan bekend as relatiewe of subjektiewe onmoontlikheid, aangesien die onmoontlikheid persoonlik aan Annie is.
Since Annie is not the owner of the laptop, she cannot legally sell it. This is known as relative or subjective impossibility, as the impossibility is personal to Annie.
Aangesien Annie nie die eienaar van die skootrekenaar is nie, kan sy dit nie wettiglik verkoop nie. Dit staan bekend as relatiewe of subjektiewe onmoontlikheid, aangesien die onmoontlikheid persoonlik aan Annie is.
Choose the correct option:
A wants to obtain a loan from XYZ Bank. The bank is willing to grant the loan, subject to the condition that A provides his book debts as security for the loan. The book debts will be transferred to the bank by way of:
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Kies die korrekte opsie:
A wil ‘n lening aangaan by XYZ Bank. Die bank staan die lening toe op voorwaarde dat A sy boekskulde as sekuriteit voorsien. Die boekskulde word aan die bank oorgedra by wyse van:
Question 4Answer
a.
Waiver. / Afstanddoening.
b.
Novation. / Skuldvernuwing (Novasie).
c.
Delegation. / Delegasie.
d.
Cession. / Sessie.
Answer: d. Cession. / Sessie.
Cession is the legal term for the transfer of rights from one party to another. In this case, A's book debts are being transferred to the bank. This is done by way of cession.
Sessie is die regsterm vir die oordrag van regte van die een party na die ander. In hierdie geval word A se boekskulde oorgedra aan die bank. Dit word gedoen deur middel van sessie.
Cession is the legal term for the transfer of rights from one party to another. In this case, A's book debts are being transferred to the bank. This is done by way of cession.
Sessie is die regsterm vir die oordrag van regte van die een party na die ander. In hierdie geval word A se boekskulde oorgedra aan die bank. Dit word gedoen deur middel van sessie.
rue or False:
A contract for the benefit of a third person entails that an agent concludes a contract with a third person on behalf of somebody else.
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Waar of Onwaar:
‘n Beding ten behoewe van ‘n derde behels dat ‘n verteenwoordiger namens iemand ander ‘n kontrak sluit met ‘n derde party.
Question 5Answer
a.
True / Waar
b.
False / Onwaar
Answer: b. False / Onwaar
A contract for the benefit of a third person is a contract where one or both parties make a stipulation in favor of a third person, not where an agent concludes a contract with a third person on behalf of someone else.
'n Beding ten behoewe van 'n derde is 'n kontrak waar een of beide partye 'n stipulasie ten gunste van 'n derde party maak, nie waar 'n agent 'n kontrak met 'n derde party namens iemand anders aangaan nie.
A contract for the benefit of a third person is a contract where one or both parties make a stipulation in favor of a third person, not where an agent concludes a contract with a third person on behalf of someone else.
'n Beding ten behoewe van 'n derde is 'n kontrak waar een of beide partye 'n stipulasie ten gunste van 'n derde party maak, nie waar 'n agent 'n kontrak met 'n derde party namens iemand anders aangaan nie.
Choose the correct option:
Debt replacement between the same parties is called:
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Kies die korrekte opsie:
Skuldvervanging tussen dieselfde partye word genoem:
Question 6Answer
a.
Delegation / Delegasie.
b.
Cession / Sessie.
c.
Novation / Novasie.
d.
Waiver/ Kwytskelding.
Answer: c. Novation / Novasie.
Novation refers to the replacement of an original debt with a new one, between the same parties. This can happen through changing the terms of the contract or substituting the original obligation with a new one.
Novasie verwys na die vervanging van 'n oorspronklike skuld met 'n nuwe een, tussen dieselfde partye. Dit kan gebeur deur die terme van die kontrak te verander of die oorspronklike verpligting met 'n nuwe een te vervang.
Novation refers to the replacement of an original debt with a new one, between the same parties. This can happen through changing the terms of the contract or substituting the original obligation with a new one.
Novasie verwys na die vervanging van 'n oorspronklike skuld met 'n nuwe een, tussen dieselfde partye. Dit kan gebeur deur die terme van die kontrak te verander of die oorspronklike verpligting met 'n nuwe een te vervang.
Choose the correct option:
A, B, C, and D are jointly and severally (solidary) liable to E in the sum of R100. A pays R20.
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Kies die korrekte opsie:
A, B, C en D is teenoor E aanspreeklik in die bedrag van R100 as gesamentlike en afsonderlike (solidêre) medeskuldenare. A betaal R20.
Question 7Answer
a.
A is free and the others still owes R80. / A is bevry en skuld die ander steeds R80.
b.
A is not free and all still owe R80. / A is nie bevry nie en skuld hulle steeds almal R80.
c.
A is free from R20 but still owes R5 / A is bevry van R20 maar skuld steeds R5.
d.
None of the other options are correct. / Nie een van die ander opsies is korrek nie.
Answer: b. A is not free and all still owe R80. / A is nie bevry nie en skuld hulle steeds almal R80.
In joint and several (solidary) liability, each debtor is liable for the entire debt. Even if A pays part of the debt, they are not free from liability until the entire debt is paid, and E can still claim the remaining amount from any of the debtors.
In gesamentlike en afsonderlike (solidêre) aanspreeklikheid is elke skuldenaar aanspreeklik vir die volledige skuld. Selfs al betaal A 'n deel van die skuld, is hulle nie vry van aanspreeklikheid totdat die volledige skuld betaal is nie, en E kan steeds die oorblywende bedrag van enige van die skuldenaars eis.
In joint and several (solidary) liability, each debtor is liable for the entire debt. Even if A pays part of the debt, they are not free from liability until the entire debt is paid, and E can still claim the remaining amount from any of the debtors.
In gesamentlike en afsonderlike (solidêre) aanspreeklikheid is elke skuldenaar aanspreeklik vir die volledige skuld. Selfs al betaal A 'n deel van die skuld, is hulle nie vry van aanspreeklikheid totdat die volledige skuld betaal is nie, en E kan steeds die oorblywende bedrag van enige van die skuldenaars eis.
Choose the correct option:
Which one of the following agreements could be void due to uncertainty?
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Kies die korrekte opsie:
Watter een van die volgende ooreenkomste kan nietig wees op grond van onsekerheid?
Question 8Answer
a.
Lara agrees to borrow money from FastLoans at a fair interest rate. / Lara stem in om geld te leen van FastLoans teen ‘n regverdige rentekoers.
b.
Lara agrees to borrow money from FastLoans at an interest rate that may be altered at the discretion of FastLoans if such discretion is exercised reasonably. / Lara stem in om geld te leen van FastLoans teen ‘n rentekoers wat gewysig mag word deur die redelike uitoefening van FastLoans se diskresie.
c.
Lara agrees to borrow money from FastLoans at a variable interest rate of prime + *%. / Lara stem in om geld te leen van FastLoans teen ‘n veranderlike rentekoers van prima +*%.
d.
Lara agrees to borrow money from FastLoans at the interest rate prescribed by the Prescribed Rate of Interest Act. / Lara stem in om geld te leen van FastLoans teen ‘n rentekoers soos voorgeskryf deur die Wet op Voorgeskrewe Rentekoerse.
Answer: a. Lara agrees to borrow money from FastLoans at a fair interest rate. / Lara stem in om geld te leen van FastLoans teen ‘n regverdige rentekoers.
The term "fair interest rate" is subjective and could lead to uncertainty, potentially making the agreement void. The other options provide a clear and determinable interest rate, therefore they wouldn't be void due to uncertainty.
Die term "regverdige rentekoers" is subjektief en kan tot onsekerheid lei, wat die ooreenkoms potensieel nietig kan maak. Die ander opsies verskaf 'n duidelike en bepaalbare rentekoers, daarom sou hulle nie weens onsekerheid nietig wees nie.
The term "fair interest rate" is subjective and could lead to uncertainty, potentially making the agreement void. The other options provide a clear and determinable interest rate, therefore they wouldn't be void due to uncertainty.
Die term "regverdige rentekoers" is subjektief en kan tot onsekerheid lei, wat die ooreenkoms potensieel nietig kan maak. Die ander opsies verskaf 'n duidelike en bepaalbare rentekoers, daarom sou hulle nie weens onsekerheid nietig wees nie.