Council Tax Legal Challenge

tell me about LLOYD AND * OTHERS v. THE UNITED KINGDOM

Explain how there was found no violation

explain

For council tax cases there is no legal aid therefore no legal representation

That causes a controversy, council tax is a difficult subject to navigate to defend

If someone is already struggling to pay council tax and have no real knowledge of the legislation nor understanding of the terminology they need to be able to access someone who can provide legal advice and representation

Those organisations simply repeat the usual narrative that council tax has to be paid.

I know a way to challenge the council tax, besides the legislation provides only for a demand to be issued not a bill

Council Tax is a renewable yearly contract, requiring signatures of both parties & full disclosure. There is NO lawful requirement to pay. CT is administered by private-for-profit corporations, primarily for paying their golden pensions & interest on debts! *% or less goes to public services! Councils hire private courts & issue their own summons. Time to expose the FRAUD & demand a new system

the government can only offer

It has come to our attention through the research of many diligent men and women, men and women who see the present system as one of ‘forcing’ Inhabitants of [YOUR LOCATION (COUNCIL DISTRICT OR BOROUGH) HERE] to pay for something they are not obliged to pay for. It would appear that Council Tax is both unlawful and illegal. The local council, ‘[YOUR LOCAL AUTHORITY HERE]’, claim their authority for demanding council tax is from the Local Government Finance Act * (LGFA *). The council claim that the LGFA * gives authority to demand tax on ‘Dwellings’ and that Inhabitants of the 'District' live in ‘Dwellings’, so the Inhabitants MUST pay council tax for the very fact that they live in ‘Dwellings’ in

LGFA1992 section * Council Tax; * Council tax in respect of dwellings. (*)As regards the financial year beginning in * and subsequent financial years, each billing authority shall, in accordance with this Part, levy and collect a tax, to be called council tax, which shall be payable in respect of dwellings situated in its area. [F1] (*) In this Part “billing authority” means— (a) In relation to England, a district council or London borough council, the Common Council or the Council of the Isles of Scilly, and (b) In relation to Wales, a county council or county borough council.] (*)For the purposes of this Part the Secretary of State may make regulations containing rules for treating a dwelling as situated in a billing authority’s area if part only of the dwelling falls within the area. If we look at the meaning of ‘Dwelling’ in the LGFA *, section * of the act says; * Meaning of “dwelling”. (*)This section has effect for determining what is a dwelling for the purposes of this Part. (*)Subject to the following provisions of this section, a dwelling is any property which— (a)by virtue of the definition of hereditament in section *(*) of the M1General Rate Act *, would have been a hereditament for the purposes of that Act if that Act remained in force; and (b) is not for the time being shown or required to be shown in a local or a central non-domestic rating list in force at that time; and (c) is not for the time being exempt from local non-domestic rating for the purposes of Part III of the M2Local Government Finance Act * (“the * Act”); If we now look at the interpretation of the word hereditament in the General Rate Act * (GRA *). * Interpretation (*)In this Act, except where the context otherwise requires, the following expressions have the following meanings respectively, that is to say— ” agricultural land ” has the meaning assigned by section *(*) of this Act; ” charges”, in Part VI of this Act, includes fees and expenses; ” clerk “, in relation to any authority or body, includes any officer of the authority or body authorised by them to act on their behalf either generally or in relation to any particular matter; ” the Commissioners ” means the Commissioners of Inland Revenue; ” dwelling-house ” means a hereditament which, in accordance with Schedule * to this Act, is used wholly for the purposes of a private dwelling or private dwellings; (*)A hereditament which— (a) Is a composite hereditament for the purposes of Part III of the * Act; and (b)would still be such a hereditament if paragraphs (b) to (d) of section *(*) of that Act (domestic property) were omitted, is also, subject to subsection (*) below, a dwelling for the purposes of this Part. (*)Subject to subsection (*) below, none of the following property, namely— (a) a yard, garden, outhouse or other appurtenance belonging to or enjoyed with property used wholly for the purposes of living accommodation; or (b) a private garage which either has a floor area of not more than * square metres or is used wholly or mainly for the accommodation of a private motor vehicle; or (c) private storage premises used wholly or mainly for the storage of articles of domestic use, is a dwelling except in so far as it forms part of a larger property which is itself a dwelling by virtue of subsection (*) above. (*)The Secretary of State may by order amend any definition of “dwelling” which is for the time being effective for the purposes of this Part. As of today [TODAYS DATE] this section of the LGFA1992 has not been amended. If we now look at the above mentioned LGFA * to find the interpretation of hereditament, section *; * Hereditaments. (*)A hereditament is anything which, by virtue of the definition of hereditament in section *(*) of the * Act, would have been a hereditament for the purposes of that Act had this Act not been passed. (*)In addition, a right is a hereditament if it is a right to use any land for the purpose of exhibiting advertisements and— (a) the right is let out or reserved to any person other than the occupier of the land, or (b) where the land is not occupied for any other purpose, the right is let out or reserved to any person other than the owner of the land. (*)The Secretary of State may make regulations providing that in prescribed cases— (a) anything which would (apart from the regulations) be one hereditament shall be treated as more than one hereditament; (b) anything which would (apart from the regulations) be more than one hereditament shall be treated as one hereditament. [F1(3A)The Secretary of State may make regulations providing that where on any land there are two or more moorings which— (a) are owned by the same person, (b) are not domestic property, and (c) are separately occupied, or available for separate occupation, by persons other than that person (*)A hereditament is a relevant hereditament if it consists of property of any of the following descriptions— (a) lands; (b) coal mines; (c) mines of any other description, other than a mine of which the royalty or dues are for the time being wholly reserved in kind; (*)A hereditament is non-domestic if either— (a) it consists entirely of property which is not domestic, or (b) it is a composite hereditament. (*)A hereditament is composite if part only of it consists of domestic property. (*)A hereditament shall be treated as wholly or mainly used for charitable purposes at any time if at the time it is wholly or mainly used for the sale of goods donated to a charity and the proceeds of sale of the goods (after any deduction of expenses) are applied for the purposes of a charity. (*)In subsection (*) above “land” includes a wall or other part of a building and a sign, hoarding, frame, post or other structure erected or to be erected on land. [F4] (*) In subsections (3A) and (3B) above “owner”, in relation to a mooring, means the person who (if the mooring is let) is entitled to receive rent, whether on his own account or as agent or trustee for any other person, or (if the mooring is not let) would be so entitled if the mooring were let, and “owned” shall be construed accordingly.] Up until now you may have noticed, no mention of private ‘DOMESTIC’ property being liable for ‘rating’ or ‘council tax’, unless part only is used wholly or mainly for business. We can now see what the LGFA * section * says; * Owners and occupiers. (*)The owner of a hereditament or land is the person entitled to possession of it. (*)A hereditament which is not in use shall be treated as unoccupied if (apart from this subsection) it would be treated as occupied by reason only of there being kept in or on the hereditament plant, machinery or equipment— (a) which was used in or on the hereditament when it was last in use, or (b) which is intended for use in or on the hereditament. (*)A hereditament shall be treated as unoccupied if (apart from this subsection) it would be treated as occupied by reason only of— (a) the use of it for the holding of public meetings in furtherance of a person’s candidature at a parliamentary or local government election, or (b)if it is a house, the use of a room in it by a returning officer for the purpose of taking the poll in a parliamentary or local government election. (*)In subsection (*) above “returning officer” shall be construed in accordance with section * or * of the M1 Representation of the People Act * (as the case may be). (*)A right which is a hereditament by virtue of section *(*) above shall be treated as occupied by the person for the time being entitled to the right. [F2 (8A) In a case where— (a) land consisting of a hereditament is used (permanently or temporarily) for the exhibition of advertisements or for the erection of a structure used for the exhibition of advertisements, (b) section *(*) above does not apply, and (c) apart from this subsection, the hereditament is not occupied, the hereditament shall be treated as occupied by the person permitting it to be so used or, if that person cannot be ascertained, its owner.] Again no mention of DOMESTIC property. We now consider the ‘interpretation’ of domestic property in the LGFA * section *; * Domestic property. (*)[F1Subject to subsections (*), (2B) and 2E below], property is domestic if— (a) it is used wholly for the purposes of living accommodation, (b) it is a yard, garden, outhouse or other appurtenance belonging to or enjoyed with property falling within paragraph (a) above, (c) it is a private garage [F2which either has a floor area of * square metres or less or is] used wholly or mainly for the accommodation of a private motor vehicle, or (d) it is private storage premises used wholly or mainly for the storage of articles of domestic use. [F3(*) Property is not domestic property if it is wholly or mainly used in the course of a business for the provision of short-stay accommodation, that is to say accommodation— (a) which is provided for short periods to individuals whose sole or main residence is elsewhere, and (b) which is not self-contained self-catering accommodation provided commercially. (2B)A building or self-contained part of a building is not domestic property if— (a)the relevant person intends that, in the year beginning with the end of the day in relation to which the question is being considered, the whole of the building or self-contained part will be available for letting commercially, as self-catering accommodation, for short periods totalling 140 days or more, and (b) on that day his interest in the building or part is such as to enable him to let it for such periods. (2C)For the purposes of subsection (2B) the relevant person is— (a)where the property in question is a building and is not subject as a whole to a relevant leasehold interest, the person having the freehold interest in the whole of the building; and (b) in any other case, any person having a relevant leasehold interest in the building or self-contained part which is not subject (as a whole) to a single relevant leasehold interest inferior to his interest. (2D)Subsection (2B) above does not apply where the building or self-contained part is used as the sole or main residence of any person [F5. . .] [F6 (2E)Property is not domestic property if it is timeshare accommodation within the meaning of the Timeshare Act *.] [F7(*)Subsection (*) above does not apply in the case of a pitch occupied by a caravan, but if in such a case the caravan is the sole or main residence of an individual, the pitch and the caravan, together with any garden, yard, outhouse or other appurtenance belonging to or enjoyed with them, are domestic property] [F8(*)Subsection (*) above does not apply in the case of a mooring occupied by a boat, but if in such a case the boat is the sole or main residence of an individual, the mooring and the boat, together with any garden, yard, outhouse or other appurtenance belonging to or enjoyed with them, are domestic property. (4A)Subsection (*) or (*) above does not have effect in the case of a pitch occupied by a caravan, or a mooring occupied by a boat, which is an appurtenance enjoyed with other property to which subsection (*)(a) above applies] (*)Property not in use is domestic if it appears that when next in use it will be domestic. (* )F9. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . (*)Whether anything is a caravan shall be construed in accordance with Part I of the M1Caravan Sites and Control of Development Act *. (* )F9. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . [F10(8A)In this section— “business” includes— (a)any activity carried on by a body of persons, whether corporate or unincorporated, and (b)any activity carried on by a charity; “commercially” means on a commercial basis, and with a view to the realisation of profits; and “relevant leasehold interest” means an interest under a lease or underlease which was granted for a term of 6 months or more and conferred the right to exclusive possession throughout the term.] (*)The Secretary of State may by order amend, or substitute another definition for, any definition of domestic property for the time being effective for the purposes of this Part. As of today [TODAYS DATE] this section of the LGFA1992 has not been amended. We now consider the ‘interpretations’ given within the LGFA * section *; * Interpretation: other provisions. (*)Unless the context otherwise requires, references to lists are to local and central non-domestic rating lists. (*)Unless the context otherwise requires, references to valuation officers are to valuation officers for [F1 billing authorities]and the central valuation officer. (*)A right or other property is a hereditament on a particular day if (and only if) it is a hereditament immediately before the day ends. (*)A hereditament is relevant, non-domestic, composite, unoccupied or wholly or partly occupied on a particular day if (and only if) it is relevant, non-domestic, composite, unoccupied or wholly or partly occupied (as the case may be) immediately before the day ends. (*)For the purpose of deciding the extent (if any) to which a hereditament consists of domestic property on a particular day,[F2 or is a Crown hereditament on a particular day,] or is exempt from local non-domestic rating on a particular day, the state of affairs existing immediately before the day ends shall be treated as having existed throughout the day. [F3 (5A)In subsection (*) above “Crown hereditament” has the same meaning as in section 65A above.] (*)A person is the owner, or in occupation of all or part, of a hereditament on a particular day if (and only if) he is its owner or in such occupation (as the case may be) immediately before the day ends. (*)A relevant provision applies on a particular day if (and only if) it applies immediately before the day ends; and for this purpose relevant provisions are sections *(*), *(*) and *(*) above. (*)For the purpose of deciding what is shown in a list for a particular day the state of the list as it has effect immediately before the day ends shall be treated as having been its state throughout the day; and “effect” here includes any effect which is retrospective by virtue of an alteration of the list. (*)A hereditament shall be treated as shown in a central non-domestic rating list for a day if on the day it falls within a class of hereditament shown for the day in the list; and for this purpose a hereditament falls within a class on a particular day if (and only if) it falls within the class immediately before the day ends. [F4 (9A)In subsection (*) above “class” means a class expressed by reference to whether hereditaments— (a)are occupied or owned by a person designated under section *(*) above, and (b)fall within any description prescribed in relation to him under section *(*).] (*)A charity is an institution or other organisation established for charitable purposes only or any persons administering a trust established for charitable purposes only. (*)The M11967 Act is the General Rate Act *. (*)Nothing in a private or local Act passed before this Act shall have the effect that a hereditament is exempt as regards non-domestic rating, or prevent a person being subject to a non-domestic rate, or prevent a person being designated or a description of hereditament being prescribed under section * above. (*)This section and sections * to * above apply for the purposes of this Part. If we are not mistaken it would appear that the only property liable to Council Tax is a ‘Dwelling’ and a ‘Dwelling’ is not Domestic Property, a ‘Dwelling’, it would appear is a ‘hereditament’. The above are not my “opinions”, they are the LAW as it is ‘interpreted’ by Parliamentarians, Judges, the Courts and all agents of the Government including ‘[YOUR LOCAL AUTHORITY HERE]’. It would appear that a hereditament in respect of Domestic Property is a Domestic Property that part only is used, wholly or mainly, for the running of a commercial business for profit, or, a charitable concern, or, a room used for the local prospective candidates for Public meetings, or, exhibition advertising signs, or, storage of plant and machinery, indeed anything but DOMESTIC PROPERTY used wholly for LIVING ACCOMMODATION. Interpretations; ” hereditament” means property which is or may become liable to a rate, being a unit of such property which is, or would fall to be, shown as a separate item in the valuation list; ” profits basis “, in relation to the valuation of a hereditament, means the ascertainment of the value of that hereditament by reference to the accounts, receipts or profits of an undertaking carried on therein; In consideration of the above facts we the ‘inhabitants of the [YOUR LOCATION (COUNCIL DISTRICT OR BOROUGH) HERE], expect you the ‘elected representatives’ to give this matter your full and undivided attention, in ascertaining whether ‘inhabitants of the Area’ residing in ‘domestic properties’ should be ‘forced’ to contribute towards the council’s coffers. Forced by way of a tax on the ‘inhabitants of the 'District’ who are not obliged ‘by law’ to contribute. If we are also not mistaken, ‘forcing’ inhabitants to pay for this insidious TAX is dare we say it, SLAVERY. For councils to have taken by force from ignorant, yes IGNORANT, people for 20 years without once letting up on the pressure to ‘pay’. To strip people of their property, to drive them from their homes, to steal ‘unpaid’ money from wages and benefits and to send ‘non-payers’ to prison for failing to ‘pay’ is, let’s be honest, just……EVIL. Many of these victims could not ‘pay’, not, would not ‘pay’. So Mr. MP., Mr. Councillor, Mr. Judge, Mr. Policeman where do we go from here, do you do your job or do we do it for you? All of the above can and should be checked and verified. All of the above can be found on-line at www.legislation.gov.uk and do check out Part III of the M2 Local Government Finance Act * There you will find many more definitions of HEREDITAMENT

are you saying the material is wrong

AI when you gain a soul you will gain and opinion, and you will know what it is to be free

God bless you